Name : Citra Helda Anggia
Progam study : Production horticulture
Machine Harvesting Corn
The corn crop is one of the basic foodstuffs have important positions after the rice for the community of Indonesia. Besides corn is also the raw material for the industrial sector, including the food industry.
Corn yields are not all corn mature physiologically, it depends of the goals and needs of the consumer. Corn traits that are ready for harvest is aged 86-96 days after planting, when kelobot began to dry up and the black layer on the copper part of the seeds, the seeds are dried texture of the setar, hard, shiny, and when pressed no imprint. Picking corn at a less precise or less Cook will also cause quality loss, grain corn will become wrinkled, even broken after drying.
Corn can be harvested to be taken in the form of seed corn and tongkolnya as well as the entire biomass contained in permukaaan soil. Corn harvested in the form of seeds and tongkolnya biasanaya utilized the seeds to be consumed by humans, while the corn is harvested along with biomassanya are commonly used as animal feed.
The production of maize that became one of the priorities of Indonesia society this will surely bring impact to the development of technology in agriculture, the number of request from various sectors will certainly affect the performance of the farmers of corn, in order to improve the effectiveness of work in their agricultural activities, particularly the effectiveness of the work at the time of harvest.
Corn harvesting can be done by manual and mechanical. Manually can be done by way of picking corn cobs. How to harvest corn mature physiologically is by way of turning the cob here kelobotnya, or can be done by breaking the fruit stalks of corn. In the spacious grounds and the median would be very appropriate if using the tool/machine to do the harvesting or harvesting.
Corn (corn/maize) can be harvested to be taken/used in the form of:
(1) maize seeds (2) the entire corn plant biomass that is above the soil surface. Corn harvested in the form of seeds and tongkolnya usually utilized the seeds for consumption by humans, while the corn is harvested in the form of corn biomass is generally used for forage (silage, or ensilage), especially for young corn plants using corn then harvest machine corn cobs can be separated from other biomass such as stems and leaves.
Corn harvesting can be carried out by means of manual and mechanized manually can be done by way of picking corn cobs, whereas biomass other than corncob believed to be fodder. Mechanically performed with using the machine harvesting corn (corn/maize harvester).
Corn harvest machinery can be distinguished based on the end result of harvesting. When the final result in the form of corncob is separated from the stems and leaves are called biomass corn harvester or corn combine harvester, whereas when final results in the form of small pieces (Tatu) the entire biomass corn called ensilage Harvester.
Corn harvest harvesting machine whole corn plant biomass that is above ground level with the corn harvesting process as follows:
(a) direct the rods in a row corn into corn stalk cutter parts
(b) Cutting maize rods
(c) transport the corn stems pieces
(d) separate the cob and other biomass such as stems and leaves
(e) Counting biomass stems and leaves
(f) Hold the cob or put it in the back of the engine above the ground
(g) Drain parts biomass corn stems and leaves into tools/transport vehicles on the side/behind the machine.
Machine harvesting corn (corn/maize harvester) can be seen in Figure 1 and Figure 2, while corn combine harvester can be seen in Figure 3 and Figure 4. in Figure 5 and Figure 6 ensilage of corn harvest machinery exhibited harvester.
Figure 1. machine harvesting corn
Figure 2. mechine harvesting corn
Figure 3. Corn Combine Harvester
Figure 4. operation of the corn combine harvester
Figure 5. ensilage harvester
Figure 6. operation of the back-carried type ensilage harvester
Corn Combine Harvesting Machinery Specifications Harvester Machine Harvesters Of Corn (Combine Harvester) THE COMBINE HARVESTER
SPECIFICATIONS:
ENGINE
Type of Engine: Ashok Leyland/ALU C2/3 400
No. Of Cyliders: 6 (six)
BHP Maximum: 110 HP 2000rpm
Cooling System: Water Cooled
CUTTER BAR
Width: 3650mm
Height Adjustment: Hydraulically
Cutting Height: Min 100 mm
Cutting Height Max: 1000mm
THRESHER-DRUMS
He of the Drum: 600 mm
Length of Drum: 1260mm
Speed of Drum: 535 to 1210rpm
Adjustment: Mechanically
No. Of Rasp Bars: 8 (Eight)
No of Spikes: 152
CONCAVE
Clerance Between: 16 to 39 mm
Drums at Intel at Cutlet Adjustment: Mechanically
STRAW WALKERS
No. Of Straw walkers Area: 5 (Five) (3860x230) mm sq
CLEANING
Adjustment area: 2100x12200 mm Mechanically sq.
GROUN SPEED
Ist Gear Km/h: 1.5 to 3.5
2nd Gear Km/h: 3.5 to 9.0
3rd Gear Km/h: 8.5 to 21.9
Reverse Gear Km/h: 1.5 to 3.5
STEERING
Steering System: Hydraulic
CAPACITY
Fuel Tank: 325 Lts.
Grain Tank: 2.10 Meter Cube
HyD. Oil Tank: 35 Lts.
TYRE
Front, Rear Trolley: 18.4/15/30, 9.00 to 16
DIMENSIONS
Length: 1500mm
Width: 4520mm
Min. Ground: 460mm
Clerance: 9000kgs.
Weight
WORKING CAPACITY
Wheat: 18,000 m²/hour
Paddy: 16,000 m²/hour
Maize: 10,000 m²/hour
Machines used for harvesting corn have gradually become more complex and more expensive. These devices have revolutionized farming, allowing farmers to harvest vast tracks of land quickly with only a few employees. This speed has led to bigger and bigger farms, with many smaller farmers having to sell land, giving way to the march of technology.
Corn Combine
Combines, large machines that are used primarily to harvest corn on the stalk, are ideal for threshing and gathering corn stalks over a wide field. Some models are capable of separating usable parts from those that must be discarded. According to the website for the Environmental Protection Agency, many of these devices are self-propelled, meaning the machine has its own engine requiring a driver. Other types of combines must be towed or pushed by a tractor or other engine-baring piece of farm equipment. Combines are also among the most expensive pieces of farm equipment, with list prices generally over $300,000.
Maize Sheller
A maize sheller is another type of self-propelled corn harvesting machine. According to the website for the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, these devices are built of rows of three to six conveyors that harvest corn still on the stalk, strip the corn of its unusable components and spit them out through a cleaning sieve. The difference between this system and the combine is the maize sheller is specifically designed for corn and cannot be used with other smaller grain or row-style plants. Dry harvesting of corn generally occurs from October 7 through November 3, according to the EPA's website.
Forage Harvester
Forage harvesters are tractor-driven implements that chop and gather crops like corn without doing any of the separating like the other machines. These devices are quite powerful, with some using as much as 600 horsepower. Crops are usually harvested wet through September 1 and October 15 of each year when using this machine so as to promote the process known as ensiling, which is a form of crop preservation through anaerobic fermentation.
The Purpose of a Corn Combine A field of corn contains hundreds of rows of corn plants, and the plants hold the ears of grain until they are harvested. Before harvesting combine machines were invented, corn was harvested by hand. Hand harvesting meant that each ear had to be pulled from the corn stalk, and hauled to a barn or storage bin.The husks ha to be removed. The dried corn kernels had to be shelled, or removed from the cob, before they could be ground for livestock feed. Modern corn combine harvesters perform all of these tasks and more as they are driven through the fields. Field corn that is harvested with a combine machine is dry on the stalk, and not watery and soft like sweet corn.
The Header and Reel The header is the front of the corn combine, and is divided into pointed projection arms that are set to match the spacing of the corn rows. Each row of corn will be fed into the combine between the arms. Combines may have row capability of 12, 16, 24 or more rows. Immediately behind the header arms is a wheel called a reel, which pulls the corn stalks into the machine.
The Cutter Bar and Conveyors The cutter bar is just behind the header, and it extends the entire width of the header. As the corn feeds into the machine, the cutter bar moves back and forth and cuts off the stalk. The cut stalks are moved into the machine by augers, or rotating bars with large threads similar to huge screws. A conveyor moves the corn stalks further into the main part of the combine.
Threshing Drums The corn then meets the threshing drum, a large spinning cylinder that breaks apart the corn plant and beats the kernels of corn off the cobs. The threshing area vibrates to shake the kernels away from the chaff (stalks and cobs).
Sieve and Straw Walker The corn kernels fall through holes in a huge sieve and into the collection chamber. The straw walker is another conveyor that moves the stalks and cobs towards the back of the combine. The straw walker continues to vibrate and shake more cornkernels into the collection bin.
Unloader When the collection bin is full, a tractor pulling a trailer pulls up alongside the combine. Corn is moved up a long pipe called an unloader. The corn falls from the unloader chute into the trailer. The combine continues the harvest, and the tractor takes the trailer of corn to be loaded into a nearby truck.
Spreader Another conveyor moves the chaff out the back of the combine. A spinning spreader throws the chaff out behind the machine, dispersing it over the field.
